29

Interest expense

The breakdown of this item in the accompanying statement of profit or loss is as follows:

Breakdown of interest expense(Millions of euros)

2019

2018

2017

Central banks

(48)

(39)

(37)

Credit institutions

(98)

(70)

(74)

Customer deposits and other finance costs

(303)

(350)

(409)

Debt securities issued (excluding subordinated liabilities) *

(616)

(686)

(739)

Adjustments to expenses as a consequence of hedging transactions

511

552

582

Finance cost of insurance products

(1,426)

(1,319)

(1,434)

Asset interest expense

(97)

(91)

(79)

Lease liability interest (Nota 1.4 and 22.4)

(20)

Other

(7)

(36)

(35)

Total

(2,104)

(2,039)

(2,225)

(*) Excluding interest from preference shares accountable as Additional Tier 1 capital (recognised in shareholders' equity)

The average effective interest rate of the various financial liabilities categories calculated on average net balances (excluding rectifications) is set out below:

Average return on liabilities (Percentage)

2019

2018

2017

Deposits from central banks

0.21%

0.13%

0.11%

Deposits from credit institutions

0.86%

0.54%

0.54%

Customer deposits

0.13%

0.16%

0.20%

Debt securities issued (excluding subordinated liabilities)

1.93%

2.26%

2.35%

Subordinated liabilities

1.75%

2.45%

3.68%